Lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta fitar da sabon rahotonta na World Population Prospects kwanan nan, yawancin ‘yan Najeriya sun kalli sakamakon a matsayin wani sabon tunatarwa kan yadda rayuwa ta zama mai wuya a ƙasar. Rahoton ya nuna cewa ‘yan Najeriya na daga cikin mutanen da ke da mafi ƙanƙantar tsawon rayuwa a duniya — shekaru 54.9 kacal.
Rahoton UN ya bayyana cewa yankin sub-Saharan Africa ne ke ɗaukar mafi girman nauyin wannan matsala, inda ƙasashe 22 cikin 25 da ke da mafi ƙarancin tsawon rayuwa suke cikin yankin. Lesotho (57.8 years), Somalia (59.0 years), da Mali (60.7 years) suma suna cikin jerin ƙasashen da ke ƙasa sosai.
Idan aka duba tarihin tsawon rayuwa a Najeriya, akwai ɗan ƙaruwa tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai: kimanin shekaru 37.2–38 a shekarun 1960; kusan shekaru 40 a 1970s; 45.3 a 1980s; 50 a 1990s; 52 a 2000s; 54.5 a 2010s; kuma har yanzu 54.5 a 2023.
Rahoton ya nuna cewa Najeriya ta daɗe tana ƙasa da matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar duniya:
52.5 years a 1960s; 58 a 1970s; 60.5 a 1980s; 64.5 a 1990s; 67 a 2000s; 70 a 2010s; 70.1 a 2020s; da hasashen 73.5 years a 2025.
Ma’ana, matsakaicin ɗan Najeriya zai mutu kusan shekaru 20 kafin matsakaicin mutanen sauran sassan duniya.
Dalilan wannan matsalar sun haɗa da cin hanci da rashawa, rarraba albarkatu ba bisa adalci ba, raunin tsarin ilimi da kiwon lafiya, rashin isasshen gini da ababen more rayuwa, da kuma yawaitar cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da cutar numfashi (lower respiratory infections).
Har ila yau, rashin samun ingantacciyar kulawar lafiya, da yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu da jarirai, sun nuna irin gazawar gwamnati a shekaru da dama.
Wasu dalilai kuma sun shafi halin tattalin arziki, irin su talauci mai tsanani, ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, da lalacewar muhalli, ciki har da rashin tsafta da gurbacewar iska da ruwa.
Rahoton tsawon rayuwa ba shi ne kaɗai ke nuna yadda halin rayuwa ke muni a Najeriya ba.
Rahoton UNICEF na baya-bayan nan ya bayyana cewa Najeriya ce ke da yawan mutane da ke fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a nahiyar Afirka, kuma tana da yawan yara masu naƙasar girma (stunting) na biyu mafi yawa a duniya.Najeriya ta ƙunshi fiye da kashi 16.5% na jimillar mutanen da ke fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a Afirka a shekarar 2023 — kusan mutane miliyan 45.4.
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana da hannu kai tsaye ko a kaikaice wajen mutuwar kashi 45% na yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar a ƙasar.
Wani rahoto kuma mai tayar da hankali ya nuna cewa Najeriya ce ke da yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu na biyu mafi yawa a duniya, tare da adadin mace-macen uwa mafi girma da ke wakiltar kusan kashi 29% na duk mace-macen uwa a duniya.
Haka kuma, rahoto ya nuna cewa Najeriya ce ke da yawan yara da ba sa zuwa makaranta mafi yawa a duniya — da adadin da ya kai yara miliyan 20, idan aka haɗa masu shekaru na firamare da sakandare.
Dangane da ta’addanci, an samu ɗan sauƙi.
Najeriya yanzu tana matsayi na shida (6) a cikin ƙasashen da ta’addanci ya fi shafa a duniya, bisa ga Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2025. Wannan ya fi matsayi na uku da aka samu a 2020.
A ɓangaren rashin aiki kuma, rashin aikin matasa ya kai kashi 53% a farkon shekarar 2023 — na biyu bayan Afirka ta Kudu.
Rahoton Hukumar Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) ma ya bayyana alamar talauci, inda aka nuna cewa kashi 99.4% na asusun bankin ‘yan Najeriya ba su wuce Naira 500,000 ba.
A sabon rahoton da aka fitar kwanan nan, Najeriya — wacce ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan jama’a a Afirka kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu arzikin albarkatu — yanzu tana da mutane sama da miliyan 139 da ke rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci. Wannan na nuni da cewa fiye da kashi 60% na ‘yan ƙasar na cikin matsanancin hali.
A 2019, an kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 133 ke cikin talauci mai yawa (multidimensional poverty), kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na al’ummar ƙasar wacce ta kai mutane Miliyan 200 a lokacin.
Dukkan waɗannan alkaluman na nuna yadda tsawon rayuwar ‘yan Najeriya ke raguwa duk da ɗimbin arzikin ƙasa — daga mai, gas, da ma’adanai, har zuwa filayen noma. Amma gwamnatoci sun kasa juya wannan arziki zuwa ingantacciyar rayuwa ga talakawa.
Ko da yake gwamnati mai ci yanzu na ikirarin cewa tattalin arzikin ƙasa yana farfadowa, rahoton talauci na baya-bayan nan ya nuna akasin haka — ribobin tattalin arziki ba su isa ga talakawa.
Shugabar Hukumar World Trade Organisation (WTO), Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, ta bayyana irin wannan ra’ayi. Duk da yabonta ga ƙoƙarin gwamnatin Tinubu wajen daidaita tattalin arziki, ta buƙaci ta mayar da hankali kan ci gaban da zai amfani kowa.
Ya zama dole ga gwamnati — a matakan tarayya, jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi — su aiwatar da gyare-gyare na gaskiya da dogon lokaci domin inganta rayuwar al’umma da ƙara tsawon rayuwa.
Dole ne a mai da hankali kan haɓaka samarwa daga kananan sana’o’i da kuma inganta samun abubuwan buƙata kamar abinci, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, wutar lantarki, ruwa, gidaje, da tsafta.
Haka kuma, wajibi ne gwamnati ta yaƙi cin hanci, ta inganta ilimi da kiwon lafiya, ta kuma magance rashin aiki da rashin tsaro.
Ya kamata a daina ɓatar da biliyoyi a kan ayyukan siyasa marasa amfani don neman farin jini.
Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta tabbatar da biyan albashin da zai iya ciyar da ma’aikata, ta rage hauhawar farashin kaya, wanda ya ƙasƙantar da ikon cin kasuwa na jama’a.
Haka kuma, dole ne a ƙirƙiri ingantattun shirin tallafi na zamantakewa don taimaka wa marasa galihu, maimakon waɗanda ke nan amma ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata.
A ra’ayinmu, yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa shi ne ginshiƙi na farko. Da dukiyar da Allah ya bai wa Najeriya, akwai isasshe don wadatar da kowa — amma ba isasshe ba ne don gamsar da son zuciyar shugabanni.