Cinikin Bayi na Atalantika (Atlantic Ocean) wanda a turance ake kira da Atlantic Slave Trade wani zamani ne a tarihin duniya daga misalin Karni na 15th zuwa Karni na 19th, wanda yan kasuwa masu sayen bayi daga kasahen Turai (European countries) suka dinga sayen mutane a Africa a matsayin bayi, suna kai su nahiyar Amurka (Americas) da ta Turai domin suyi musu bauta.
Kamar yadda masu karatun tarihi suka sani, zuwa farkon shekarun 1500 (1500s) a zamanin da a tarihance ake cewa “Age of European Exploration” wato shekaru da Turawa suka dukufa wajen gano hanyoyin tafiye-tafiye musamman na ruwa, kasashen Turai musamman Portugal da Spain sun sami ilimin gano yadda taswirar duniya take, da kuma iya gano hanyoyin jiragen ruwa da za su sadar da su ga kasashen gabas da na yamma, wato a turance “linking eastern and western hemisphere
“. Sannan kuma sun yi kokarin gano yankuna masu yawo a duniya ciki har da nahiyar Amurka wadda kafin lokacin ba su santa ba. Don haka ne a wannan kokari ne, jiragen ruwan kasuwanci na Kasar Portugal a kokarin su na neman hanyar ruwa da zata sadar da su ga yankin India da na China domin kulla alakar kasuwanci, suka yi nasarar gano gabar tekun Atalantika dake yammacin Africa. Saboda haka, wannan ya bada damar kulla alakar kasuwanci tsakanin yan kasuwa na kasar Portugal da kuma na masarautun gabar teku, irin su Masarautar Benin, Asante, da kuma ta Dahomey.
Bayan wani dan lokaci kuma, a shekarar 1526 sai turawan kasar Portugal suka fara sayen bakaken fatar Africa a matsayin bayi daga hannun yan kasuwa masu sayar da bayi a Masarautar Benin wadda yanzu tana cikin kasar Nigeria ta yanzu, suka kuma zuba su jirgin ruwa zuwa nahiyar Amurka domin su je suyi musu noma a manyan gonakin su dake nahiyar Amurka, wasu yan kadan daga cikin bayin kuma suka kai su nahiyar Turai domin su zama bayi masu yin aikin gida wato a turance ” home servants”.
Don haka ne masana tarihi suka tabbatar da cewa, tun daga wannan shekara ta 1526 da Turawan Portugal suka sayi bayi a Africa, sai kuma sauran yan kasuwa daga kasashen Turawa kamar su Spain, Ingila (Britain), Faransa (France) da kuma Netherlands suka shiga cikin Cinikayyar bayin sosai.
Asalin fara Cinikin Bayi na Atalantika.
Asalin fara Cinikin Bayi na Tekun Atalantika ya samo asali ne daga karni na 15th, lokacin da kasashen Turai irin su Portugal da Spain suka jagoranci nasarar gano yankin Amurka wanda kafin lokacin, babu wata kasar Turawa da ta san da yankin na Amurka. Saboda haka, wannan kuma ya ba su damar kafa manyan gonakin noman rake (sugar cane), Kofi (coffee), auduga (cotton) da sauran su. To kuma akwai bukatar samun wadan da za su yi juriyar noma wadannan gonaki.
A hannu daya kuma, zuwa farkon Karni na 16th, tuni jiragen ruwan yan kasuwar Portugal sun fara zuwa gabar tekun yammacin Africa suna kawo kayan sayarwa irin su madubi, bindigu, kayan sawa, da kuma giya. Sannan su kuma yan kasuwar Africa su sayar mu su da gwal (gold), manja (palm oil), koko (cocoa), da kuma bayi kadan.
Wannan fara alaka ta kasuwanci tsakanin yan kasuwa daga Turai da kuma na Africa shine ya bawa Turawa damar fara sayen mutanen Africa a matsayin bayin da za su yi musu bautar noma a wadannan manyan gonaki na su dake nahiyar Amurka. Yan kasuwar Kasar Portugal ne suka fara sayen bayi a shekarar 1526 daga hannun yan kasuwa masu sayar da bayi na Masarautar Benin, sannan kuma sauran yan kasuwa daga kasashen Turai irin su Spain, Ingila (Britain), Faransa (France), Netherlands, da kuma Denmark suka shigo cikin.
Yayin da wannan Cinikayyar bayi ta karbu a gurin sauran yan kasuwar kasashen Turai, sai cinikin ya zama mai riba ga bangare biyu na yan kasuwar. Saboda, kasashen Turai sun sami saukin samar da ma’aikata da za su yi musu aiki a wannan manyan gonaki na su da kuma ayyukan gida. Su kuma yan kasuwar Africa masu sayar da bayi na Africa sun sami kudi ta wannan kasuwanci.
Yanayin kamen Bayin.
Ya tabbata cewa, Turawa a zamanin Cinikin Bayi na Atalantika basa iya shiga cikin kwaryar nahiyar Africa, sai dai su tsaya a bakin gabar Teku. Don haka, sun dogara ne da yan kasuwa masu kamen bayi dake nahiyar Africa wajen kamo bayin da kuma sayar mu su. Akwai hanyoyi sanannu guda 3 wajen kamo bayin kamar haka :
1, Wasu bayin ana iya kamo su ne ta hanyar yake-yaken kabilanci wanda masarautun bakin Teku suka shahara wajen yi. A misali, akan iya shirya yaki kawai don kama bayi.
2, Wasu kuma bayin ana samun su ne ta hanyar kai farmaki (raiding) ga wasu mutane. Domin yawancin masu kamen bayin sukan kai hari akan wani gari ko wasu gungun mutane tafiya domin su kama su a matsayin bayi.
4, Wasu kuma bayin ana samun su ne, yayin da suka aikata wani babban laifi a cikin al’ummar su, to cikin hukuncin da ake yi musu ne, ake sayar da su a matsayin bayi.
4, Don haka, idan masu kamen bayi sun sami bayin ta daya daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi da muka ambata, ko kuma wasu hanyoyi daban. Sukan tattara su, sai kuma su daure su da sarka ko kuma igiya mai kwari daya a gaban daya. Daga nan kuma sai ya taho da su zuwa bakin teku inda Turawa suke hada hadar sayen bayi.
A tsarin kasuwancin, akwai tashoshin saye da sayarwar bayi a gabar tekun Africa inda yan kasuwar Africa suke kawo bayin, su kuma yan kasuwa masu sayen bayi daga Turai suke zuwa su saya ko kuma ayi musanye (trade by barter) da kayan sayarwar su irin su bindigu, kayan sawa, madubi, da kuma giya.