Florence Nwanzuruahu Nkiru Nwapa marubuciya ce ta Najeriya wacce aka yi mata laƙabin uwar Adabin Afirka ta zamani. Ita ce ta farko a marubuta mata na Afirka, kuma mace ta farko da ta kasance marubuciyar Afirka da aka fara bugawa a cikin harshen Ingilishi a Biritaniya. Ta sami karɓuwa a duniya tare da littafinta na farko Efuru, wanda kamfanin Heinemann Educational Books ya buga a 1966. Ta buga adabin Afirka tare da tallata mata a cikin al'ummar Afirka. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matan Afirka na farko masu buga littattafai lokacin da ta kafa kamfanin ɗab'i nata na ƙashin kanta a Najeriya a shekarar 1970. Nwapa ta tsunduma cikin aikin gwamnati wajen sake gina ƙasa bayan yaƙin Biyafara; musamman ma ta yi aiki don taimakon marayu da ‘yan gudun hijira da suka rasa matsugunansu a lokacin ƙakin.
.Shekarun Farko da Ilimi
An haifi Nwapa a ƙaramar hukumar Oguta ta jihar Imo, a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 1931, ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya shida na Christopher Ijeoma (wani wakili na Kamfanin United Africa) da Martha Nwapa, malamar makaranta. Flora Nwapa ta yi makaranta Sakandare a Oguta Elelenwo a ƙaramar hukumar Obio Akpor ta Jihar Ribas, kudu maso kudancin Najeriya da kuma makarantar ’yan mata ta CMS, Jihar Legas, wadda daga baya ta koma Ibadan ta haɗe da Makarantar ’Yan mata ta Kudeti wacce daga baya aka canja mata suna zuwa St Anne’s. A shekarar 1953, lokacin tana da shekaru 22, ta halarci jami'a, kuma a 1957, tana da shekaru 26, ta sami digiri na BA a Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan a Jihar Oyo kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Daga nan ta tafi Scotland, inda ta sami Diploma a fannin Ilimi daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a 1958.
.Rayuwar Iyali
Flora Nwapa ta haifi ‘ya’ya uku: Ejine Nzeribe (da mijinta na farko), da kuma Uzoma Gogo Nwakuche da Amede Nzeribe waɗanda ta haifa tare da mijinta na biyu, Cif Gogo Nwakuche. Kawunta, AC Nwapa, shi ne Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Najeriya na farko.
.Koyarwa da Hidimar Jama'a
Bayan ta dawo Najeriya, Nwapa ta shiga ma’aikatar ilimi da ke Calabar a matsayin jami’ar ilimi har zuwa 1959. Daga nan ta kama aikin koyarwa a makarantar Queen’s da ke Enugu, inda ta koyar da Turanci da Geography daga 1959 zuwa 1962. Ta cigaba da aikin gwamnati a wurare da dama, ciki har da Mataimakiyar Magatakarda a Jami'ar Legas. Bayan yaƙin basasar Najeriya na shekarar 1967 zuwa 70, ta karɓi muƙamin minista a matsayin ministar lafiya da jin dadin jama'a a jihar gabas ta tsakiya (1970-71), sannan ta zama ministar filaye, safiyo da raya birane (1971-74). Ta kasance malama a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Alvan Ikoku da ke Owerri, Najeriya. A cikin 1989, an nada ta malama a fannin rubuce-rubuce da kirkire-kirkire a Jami’ar Maiduguri.
.Rubutu da Bugawa
Littafin farko na Nwapa, shi ne Efuru, an buga shi a cikin 1966 lokacin da take da shekaru 30, kuma ana ɗaukarta jagaba a rubuta labarin Turanci a matsayin wata marubuciya mace yar Afirka. Ta aika da kwafin littafin ga shahararren marubuci ɗan Najeriya Chinua Achebe a cikin 1962, wanda ya ba ta amsa da wata wasiƙa ta yabawa har ma ya haɗa da kuɗi don aikawa da rubutun littafin zuwa kamfanin Heinemann don wallafawa. Nwapa ta rubuta litattafai irin su Idu (1970), Never Again (1975), One is Enough (1981), da Women are Different (1986). Ta buga two collections of stories da This is Lagos (1971) da Wives at War (1980) da the volume of poems,- da, Waƙar Cassava da Rice Song (1986). Ita ce kuma marubuciyar littattafan yara da yawa.
A shekara ta 1974, ta kafa nata kamfanin dab'i, kuma a 1977 Kamfanin Flora Nwapa, ta buga littattafan manya da yara da kuma ayyukan wasu marubuta. Daya daga cikin manufofinta: shi ne "sanarwa da kuma ilmantar da mata a duk faɗin duniya, game da rawar da mata ke takawa a Najeriya, 'yanci da tattalin arziki, dangantakar su da mazajensu da ’ya’yansu, aƙidarsu ta gargajiya da matsayinsu a cikin al’umma baki ɗaya. An bayyana ta a matsayin "yar jarida ta farko mace da ɗimbin mata suke sauraro a lokacin da ba a ɗaukar matan Afirka a matsayin al'umma masu karatu da rubutu da siyan Littleton. Ayyukanta sun fito a cikin wallafe-wallafenta tun daga mujallu irinsu Présence Africaine da Black Orpheus a cikin 1960s da 70s zuwa 1992 da anthology Daughters of Africa, wanda Margaret Busby ta yiwa Editin.
.Bayan Shekaru
Aikin Nwapa a matsayin malama ya ci gaba a duk tsawon rayuwarta wanda ya ƙunshi koyarwa a kwalejoji da jami'o'i na duniya, ciki har da Jami'ar New York, Kwalejin Trinity, Jami'ar Minnesota, Jami'ar Michigan da Jami'ar Ilorin. Ta fada a cikin wata hira da wata Mawallafa ta Zamani, "Na yi rubutu kusan shekaru talatin. Sha'awata ta kasance a kan mata mazauna karkara da na birane a ƙoƙarinna na rayuwa a cikin duniya mai saurin canzawa wanda maza suka mamaye." Flora Nwapa ta rasu ne sanadiyyar ciwon huhu a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1993 a wani asibiti a Enugu, Najeriya, tana da shekaru 62. An buga littafinta na ƙarshe, The Lake Goddess, bayan mutuwarta.
Dangane da ra'ayoyinta na siyasa, Nwapa ta dauki kanta a matsayin mai son mata, kalmar da marubuciya Ba'amurkiya Alice Walker ta kirkira a cikin tarin kasidunta In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose (1983). Ta kuma ja hankalin iyaye mata da suyi kokarin tabbatar da daidaito a tsakanin al’umma ta hanyar kasuwanci. Sau da yawa ana kiranta uwar adabin Afirka ta zamani.
.Karramawa da Kyautuka
A shekarar 1983, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta OON (Officer of the Order of Niger), daya daga cikin manyan lambobin yabo na kasar. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jami'ar Ife (yanzu Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo). Ta sami kyautar marubuta da bugawa a baje kolin Littattafai na 1985. A shekarar 1989, an ba ta Farfesa a fannin rubuce-rubuce da kirkire-kirkire a Jami’ar Maiduguri da ke Jihar Borno, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa rasuwarta. Ta kasance memba a kwamitin PEN na kasa da kasa a 1991 da kuma kwamitin bayar da lambar yabo ta Commonwealth Writers's Prizes a 1992. An ba ta mukamin sarauta mafi girma (Ogbuefi) a garinsu, girmamawa da aka saba keɓance wa ga mazaje masu nasara.