A ranar 10 ga watan Afrilun 2019 aka fara bayyana hoto na farko a tarihin duniya da yake ɗauke da "black hole". Da harshen Hausa, cikin fassara mara 'yanci, za mu iya kiran "Black Hole" da "Baƙin rami". Amma wasu masu fassarar sun kira shi da suna "mutuwaren taurari" wato inda taurari ke tafiya bayan wa'adin rayuwarsu ya cika.
Gidajen labarai da jaridu sun ta bayyana wannan hoto a matsayin babban ci gaba da aka samu da zai iya amsa wasu manya-manyan tambayoyi a Kimiyya kuma su haɗe dokokin ɗabi'a (natural laws) da aka kasa haɗewa tsawon tarihi tsakanin tsarin babban masanin kimiyyar fiziks na dauri (classical physics) wato Issac Newton (Newtonian Mechanics). Kuma wanda aka binciko a ƙarni na 20 da taimakon Heisenberg da Schrodinger wato "Quantum Mechanics".
To Amma Ko Mene Ne "Black Hole"?
A shekarar 1939 wannan babban masanin Kimiyyar wato Albert Einstein da kuma nazariyyarsa ta "General theory of relativity" ya rubuta cewa babu yadda maganaɗisun janyowa (gravity) zai iya janyo taurari saboda akwai iya matakin da wasu abubuwan ba za su matsu ba. Yana nufin cewa babu ta yadda tauraro mai tsananin nauyi zai iya faɗuwa saboda ya fi ƙarfin "gravity" ya yi tasarrufi da shi.
Masana Kimiyya duk sun yarda da Einstein har sai da wani masanin Kimiyya ɗan asalin Amurika wato John Wheeler ya bayyana cewa kuskure ne. Ya faɗi cewa akwai wani guri da a yanzu ake kira "black hole" da yake janyo irin waɗannan taurari a cikinsa. Wannan tauraro da yake faɗawa wannan guri shi aka fara kira da "frozen star" (daskararren tauraro).
Bakin rami (black hole) yana da abubuwan al'ajabi masu ɗimbin yawa da ya sa har littafi aka yi a kansa. Stephen Hawking ya ƙarar da rayuwarsa wajen karantar da binciken kimiyyarsa a kan "black hole". Ya kuma rubuta littafi mai suna "Black Holes and Baby Universes" sannan kuma ya gabatar da lacca da BBC ta shirya da sunan "Black Holes".
Kafinsa, Richard Feynman ya yi bayani na sosai a kan wannan abin al'ajabi da dokokinsa suka saɓawa sauran dokokin ɗabi'a. Wani lokacin dokokin ɗabi'a sukan saɓawa tunaninmu, musamman idan da za mu kalli irin waɗanda suke faruwa a wannan "black hole" ɗin ko kuma kimiyyar mitsi-mitsin abubuwan da suke cikin ƙwayar zarra (Quantum Physics).
Dama dai dokokin ɗabi'a sun rabu gida biyu, tsakanin na manyan abubuwa (Newtonian mechanics) da kuma na mitsi-mitsin abubuwa (Quantum mechanics).
A "black hole" a kan samu tarayyar waɗannan dokoki ne guri guda, don haka ake zaton tun da an kasa haɗe waɗannan dokoki to idan aka fahimci "black hole" to za a iya haɗe su.
Wannan shi ne abin da Stephen Hawking ya ƙarar da rayuwarsa a kai amma har ya mutu a shekarar da ta gabata (2018) bai samu nasara ba!
Stephen Hawking yana cewa mafi ƙanƙantar "black hole" yana da nauyin babban tsaunin dutse a wannan duniya tamu. Amma an fi samun manyan da suka ninninka rana nauyi. Kar a manta rana ta ninka wannan duniyar da muke kai nauyi ninkin-ba-ninkin. Hoton "black hole" ɗin da aka ɗauko a yau ya yi nauyin rana sau sama da biliyan shida!
Kenan ya ninka wannan duniyar da muke kai nauyi sama da malala gashin tinkiya! Duk abin da ya zo wucewa ta kusa da "black hole", ta wani guri da ake kira da "event horizon" to sai ya zuƙo shi ya haɗiye shi saboda ƙarfin janyowar da "gravity" yake da shi a gurin.
Babu mutumin da ya taba kusantar inda "black hole" yake, amma da wani zai je gurin da sai ya haɗiye shi, irin haɗiyar da injin taliya yake yiwa fulawa. Irin wannan mummurɗewa da za a yi shi ake kira da "spaghettification", daga kalmar taliya ta "spaghetti".
Masu kimiyya sun ce sararin subhana (space) na da kusurwoyi guda 12 (12-dimensions) amma idanunmu huɗu suke iya gani (tsawo, faɗi, giccewa da guri-lokaci). Da farko ma uku ake gani kafin zuwan Albert Einstein ya hasaso cikon dayan (space-time). To a "black hole" duka goma sha biyun suna nan. Don haka Richard Feynman, wanda ya yi bincike a kan me zai faru da za mu iya faɗawa cikin "black hole" kuma ba mu mutu ba?. Ya ce idan ka faɗa cikin "black hole" to wata duniyar (universe) ɗin za ka faɗa mai wata irin dokar ta ɗabi'a daban!
Watakila tarihi ya canjaza baki ɗaya idan ka faɗa ka gan ka a wata nahiyar mai wasu irin halittu na daban, watakila masu mutuwa a dawo! Wannan zai faru ne idan wannan tunanin na cewa duniyoyi suna da yawa a kimiyya (multiple universe theorem) ya tabbata.
Da yake kuma duk abin da ya faɗa cikin "black hole" ba a jin tarihinsa baki ɗaya kuma dokokin dabi'a sun kasa haɗuwa a kusa da shi, wannan ya sanya hasashen mai zai faru da duniya a nan gaba ya zama abin da yake damun masana kimiyya.
Da yake duk abin da ya faɗa "black hole" to ko alamarsa ba a ƙara ji domin yana rasa duk wani bayani da yake tattare da shi ta hanyar wani yanayi da suka kira "information loss." Kuma ga shi duk abin da aka harba ya kusanci "black hole" to tasa ta ƙare, wannan ta sanya komai na Kimiyya yake rikicewa da an zo gun.
To amma yanzu tun da har an iya ɗauko hotonsa ana tsammanin wannan wata 'yar ƙaramar dama ce da aka samu ta cewa za a iya nazartar cikin "black hole" ɗin a nan gaba domin a ajiye duk wani hasashe a ɗauki haƙiƙa.
Sanin haƙiƙarsa kuwa zai iya taimakawa domin mu iya gano tushen yadda duniya (universe) ta samu ta abin da ake kira da babbar fashewa (Big-Bang) da kuma ina ne makomarta ta yanayin da aka kira "Big Crunch" da harshen Ingilishi.
Idan har an iya gano hakikar "black hole", wani abu mai kamar wuya wai gurguwa da auren nesa, to zamu iya gane ya Allah ya yi ya halicci duniya (universe) daga wani abu da ake kira matattara ɗayantaka (singularity).
Kuma ya za ta kasance idan an zo tashin duniyar baki ɗaya! Kai har hasashen shekara nawa ya rage wa duniya kafin ta bindige baki ɗaya za mu iya yi.
Wani zai iya cewa ta yaya aka ɗauko hoton "black hole" duk da cewar an bayyana yana da nisan dubunnan mila-milan tafiya na gudun haske?! Gudun haske na dakika (second) ɗaya kuwa dai-dai yake da gudun da zaka iya yi ka zagaye duniya sau bakwai a cikin dakika ɗaya!
To amma abin da ba a gane ba shi ne, har waɗannan taurarin da muke gani ba su ne asalin taurari ba. Taurarin da suke da rai sun yi mana nisa sosai da ba za mu iya ganin su ba. Waɗannan hasken taurarin da suka fashe suka mutu ne tun tale-tale a shekaru dubbataiya da ta gabata! Haka shi ma "black hole" ɗin da aka ɗauko duhu da hasken gefensa ne na shekaru masu miliyoyin yawa da ya kusantomu ba wai gurinsa aka je aka ɗauko hoton ba. Duk abin da ya zo wucewa ta gurin asalin "black hole" to tasa kuma ta ƙare domin shigewa ciki zai yi kuma ba za mu sake samun labarinsa ba.