Sabbin rahotanni biyu sun nuna cewa yayin da samar da makamashin sabuntawa ke ƙaruwa da sauri a duniya, ƙasashen duniya da Amurka suna tafiya ne a hanyoyi daban-daban.
Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) ta bayyana cewa ƙarfin samar da makamashin sabuntawa a duniya zai ninka fiye da sau biyu kafin shekarar 2030, tare da hasken rana (solar) ke jagorantar wannan ci gaban. Sai dai an samu ƙaramin koma baya a hasashen saboda raguwar ci gaba a Amurka da China.
A Amurka, wannan raguwar ta samo asali ne daga ƙarewar wasu tallafin haraji na tarayya da sauye-sauyen doka, wanda ya rage hasashen ci gaba da kusan kashi 50%. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2024, hasken rana da iska sun samar da kashi 16% na wutar lantarki a ƙasar, wanda ya wuce coal karo na farko.
A duniya baki ɗaya, ƙasashe kamar Indiya, Turai da tattalin arziƙin ƙasashe masu tasowa suna cike gibin da Amurka da China suka bari, sakamakon sabbin manufofi masu ƙarfi da kuma hanzarin bayar da izinin gina sabbin wuraren makamashi.
Wani rahoto daga Ember, cibiyar nazarin makamashi mai zaman kanta, ya nuna cewa a rabin farkon shekarar 2025, makamashin sabuntawa ya wuce coal wajen samar da wutar lantarki a duniya karo na farko, inda makamashin sabuntawa ya ƙaru da kashi 7.7%, yayin da coal ya ragu.
IEA ta ce makamashin hasken rana (solar PV) zai kasance da alhakin kashi 80% na ƙarin ƙarfin makamashin sabuntawa cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Ana kuma sa ran amfani da makamashin sabuntawa a sashen sufuri zai ƙaru da kashi 50% kafin 2030, saboda yawaitar motocin lantarki, man biofuels, biogas, da makamashin hydrogen, musamman a China da Turai waɗanda za su bada kusan kashi 45% na wannan ƙarin.
Duk da ƙaruwa a buƙatar makamashi a duniya, IEA ta ce makamashin ƙarancin hayaƙi kamar sabuntattun makamashi da nukiliya za su samar da fiye da kashi 90% na ƙarin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata kafin 2030, wanda zai hana ƙaruwa a hayakin carbon.
A shekarar 2024, fitar da hayakin carbon dioxide a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ta sauka zuwa matsayin da bai taɓa zama ƙasa haka ba cikin shekaru 50, inda amfani da solar, iska, nukiliya, motocin lantarki, da na’urorin dumama zamani tun daga 2019 yake hana fitar da tan miliyan 2.6 na hayakin CO₂ a kowace shekara.