Shekaru 59 da fara yakin kwanaki 6 tsakanin kasashen larabawa da Israel. A Ranar 5 ga watan Yuni a shekarar 1967, yakin da aka yi na kwanaki shida ya ɓarke ne a tsakanin Isra'ila da Masar da Jordan da Syria. Isra'ila ta samu nasara inda ta kama gabashin Birnin-Kudus, da Gabar Yamma da Kogin Jordan da Zirin Gaza da Tuddan Golan da yankin Sinai.
"Duk da Tuddan Golan da akasarin Gabar Yamma da Kogin Jordan na karkashin ikon Isra'ila, amma duk da haka Isra'ila ta mayar da yankin Sinai ga Masar a matsayin wani bangare na yarjejeniyar Camp David a 1978 da kuma barin wuraren Isra'ila da ke Gaza a 2005."
Yakin kwanaki Shida wani takaitaccen rikici ne amma mai zubar da jini da aka gwabza a watan Yunin 1967 tsakanin Isra'ila da kasashen Larabawa na Masar, Siriya da kuma Jordan. Bayan shafe shekaru ana takun saka da diflomasiyya tsakanin Isra'ila da makwabtanta, sojojin tsaron Isra'ila sun kaddamar da hare-haren wuce gona da iri da suka gurgunta sojojin sama na Masar da kawayenta. Daga nan ne Isra'ila ta kai farmaki ta kasa cikin nasara tare da kwace yankin Sinai da zirin Gaza daga Masar, da gabar yamma da gabar kogin Jordan da gabashin Kudus daga Jordan, da tuddan Golan daga Syria. Takaitaccen yakin ya kawo karshe da tsagaita bude wuta da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kulla, amma ya sauya taswirar yankin Gabas ta tsakiya sosai tare da haifar da takaddamar yanayin siyasa.
Rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila
Yakin kwanaki shida ya zo ne bayan shekaru da dama na rikicin siyasa da rikicin soji tsakanin Isra'ila da kasashen Larabawa.
A shekara ta 1948, bayan takaddamar da ta dabaibaye kafuwar Isra'ila, kawancen kasashen larabawa sun kaddamar da farmakin da bai yi nasara ba kan kasar yahudawa da aka kafa a matsayin wani bangare na yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na farko.
Wani babban rikici na biyu da aka fi sani da rikicin Suez ya barke a shekara ta 1956, lokacin da Isra'ila, Birtaniya da Faransa suka kai hari mai cike da cece-kuce kan Masar a matsayin mayar da martani ga shugaban Masar Gamal Abdel Nasser na mayar da mashigar ruwa ta Suez karkashin kasarsa.
An sami kwanciyar hankali a Gabas ta Tsakiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da farkon 1960, amma yanayin siyasa ya ci gaba da kasancewa mara tabbas. Shugabannin Larabawa sun ji haushin hasarar soji da suka yi da kuma dubban daruruwan Falasdinawa 'yan gudun hijira sakamakon nasarar da Isra'ila ta samu a yakin 1948.
Yawancin Isra'ilawa, sun ci gaba da yarda cewa suna fuskantar barazana daga Masar da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa.
Asalin Yakin Kwanaki Shida
Rikicin kan iyaka shine babban abin da ya haifar da yakin kwanaki shida. A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, 'yan tawayen Falasdinawan da ke samun goyon bayan Siriya sun fara kai hare-hare a kan iyakar Isra'ila, lamarin da ya janyo ramuwar gayya daga dakarun tsaron Isra'ila.
A cikin watan Afrilun 1967, fadan ya tsananta bayan da Isra'ila da Siriya suka yi wani kazamin fada ta jiragen yakin sama da manyan bindigogi inda aka lalata jiragen yakin Siriya shida.
An ci gaba da yakin da aka yi ta sama a watan Afrilu, Tarayyar Soviet ta baiwa Masar bayanan sirri da ke nuna cewa Isra'ila na tura sojojinta zuwa iyakarta da Syria a arewacin kasar a shirye-shiryen kai wani gagarumin farmaki. Bayanin ba gaskiya ba ne, amma duk da haka ya tunzura shugaban Masar Gamal Abdel Nasser cikin rikicin.
A wani mataki na nuna goyon baya ga kawayensa na Syria, ya umarci sojojin Masar da su shiga yankin Sinai, inda suka kori rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta shafe sama da shekaru goma tana tsaron kan iyaka da Isra'ila.
Rikicin Gabas Ta Tsakiya Ya Karu
A cikin kwanakin da suka biyo baya, Nasser ya ci gaba da tayar da kayar baya: A ranar 22 ga Mayu, ya haramta jigilar jiragen ruwan Isra'ila daga mashigin Tiran, mashigin tekun da ke hade da Bahar Maliya da Tekun Aqaba. Bayan mako guda, ya kulla yarjejeniyar tsaro da Sarki Hussein na Jordan.
Yayin da al'amura ke kara tabarbarewa a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, shugaban kasar Amurka Lyndon B. Johnson ya gargadi bangarorin biyu da su kai zuciya nesa, ya kuma nemi goyon baya ga shirin kasa da kasa na teku domin sake bude mashigin Tiran.
Hakan bai samu ba, kuma a farkon watan Yuni na shekarar 1967, shugabannin Isra'ila sun kada kuri'a don dakile shirin sojojin Larabawa ta hanyar kaddamar da wani shiri na riga-kafi.
Yakin Kwanaki Shida Ya Barke
A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1967, Sojojin Isra'ila sun kaddamar da Operation Focus, wani hari da suka kaiwa Masar ta sama. A wannan safiya, wasu jiragen sama 200 suka taso daga Isra’ila kuma suka zagaya ta yamma a kan Tekun Bahar Rum kafin su taso zuwa Masar daga arewa.
Masarawa sunyi mamaki da faruwar lamarin, Isra'ilawa sun afkawa filayen saukar jiragen sama 18 daban-daban tare da tarwatsa kusan kashi 90 na jiragen yakin sojojin sama na Masar. Daga nan ne Isra'ila ta fadada hare-haren da take kaiwa tare da lalata jiragen sojojin sama na Jordan, Siriya da Iraki.
A karshen wannan rana a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, matukan jirgin Isra'ila sun yi nasarar mamaye sararin samaniyar Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Isra'ila sun sami nasara ta hanyar karfin sojan sama, amma an ci gaba da gwabza kazamin fada na wasu kwanaki. Sun fara yakin kasa da Masar ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni. A ci gaba da kai hare-hare ta sama, tankokin yaki na Isra'ila sun yi ta kutsawa kan iyaka da yankin Sinai da zirin Gaza.
Sojojin Masar sun yi turjiya mai karfi, amma daga baya sun fada cikin rudani bayan da Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer ya ba da umarnin dasu ja da baya. A cikin 'yan kwanaki kadan, sojojin Isra'ila sun fatattaki sojojin Masar, da aka fatattake su, sun tsallaka yankin Sinai, inda suka ji munanan raunuka.
An bude gaba ta biyu a yakin kwanaki shida a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, lokacin da kasar Jordan - ta mayar da martani, ta fara luguden wuta kan wuraren Isra'ila a birnin Kudus. Isra'ila ta mayar da martani da wani mummunan hari a Gabashin Kudus da Yammacin Gabar Kogin Jordan.
Isra'ila Ta Yi Bikin Samun Nasara
Kashi na karshe na fadan ya faru ne a kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Isra'ila da Syria. A ranar 9 ga watan Yuni, bayan wani kazamin harin bama-bamai da aka kai ta sama, tankunan yaki na Isra'ila sun yi taho-mu-gama a wani yanki mai cike da tsaro na kasar Siriya mai suna tuddan Golan. Washegari sun yi nasarar kwace Golan.
A ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1967, yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi aiki, kuma yakin kwanaki shida ya kawo karshe ba zato ba tsammani. Daga baya an yi kiyasin cewa Larabawa kusan 20,000 da Isra’ilawa 800 ne suka mutu a cikin sa’o’i 132 kacal da aka gwabza.
Shuwagabannin kasashen Larabawa sun yi matukar kaduwa da da asarar da sukayi a yakin. Wanda ya sanya Shugaban Masar Nasser ma ya yi murabus, sai dai ya koma kan karagar mulki ba tare da bata lokaci ba, bayan da ‘yan kasar Masar suka ki yarda da murabus din nasa da gagarumin zanga-zanga a tituna.
A cikin Isra'ila, yan ƙasa sunyi farin ciki. A cikin kasa da mako guda, sojojin kasar sun kwace yankin Sinai da zirin Gaza daga Masar, da gabar yamma da kogin Jordan da gabashin Kudus daga Jordan, da tuddan Golan daga Syria.
Yaƙin kwanaki Shida ya sami gagarumin sakamako na siyasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Nasarar da aka samu a yakin ya haifar da daukakar al'ummar Isra'ila, wanda girmansa ya ninka har sau uku, amma kuma ya kara ruruta wutar rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila.
Har yanzu larabawa su na da rauni sakamakon shan kayensu a yakin kwanaki shida, shugabannin Larabawa sun yi taro a Khartoum, Sudan, a watan Agustan 1967, kuma suka sanya hannu kan wani kuduri da ya yi alkawarin "babu zaman lafiya, ba a amince da shi ba, kuma ba za a yi shawarwari" da Isra'ila ba.
Karkashin jagorancin Masar da Siriya, daga baya kasashen Larabawa suka kaddamar da babban yaki na hudu da Isra'ila a lokacin yakin Yom Kippur na 1973 .
Ta hanyar jayayya a Yammacin Gabar Kogin Jordan da zirin Gaza, kasar Isra'ila kuma ta mamaye Falasdinawa sama da miliyan daya. Bayan haka Falasdinawa dubu daruruwa ne suka tsere daga muhallansu, lamarin da ya kara dagula rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar da aka fara a yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na farko a shekara ta 1948 tare da aza harsashin hargitsin siyasa da tashin hankali.
Isra'ila ta mayar da yankin Sinai zuwa Masar a shekara ta 1982 a matsayin wani bangare na yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, sannan ta fice daga zirin Gaza a shekara ta 2005, amma ta ci gaba da mamayewa wasu yankunan da ake jayayya a kansu a yakin kwanaki shida, musamman tuddan Golan da kuma yankin West Bank. Matsayin wadannan yankuna na ci gaba da zama cikas a tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Larabawa da Isra'ila.
Sources: Yakin 1967: Kwanaki shida da suka Canza Gabas ta Tsakiya BBC. Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1967.
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Tarihi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.
Encyclopedia na Rikicin Larabawa da Isra'ila.
Edita Spencer C. Tucker da Priscilla Mary Roberts.
Kwanaki Shida na Yaki: Yuni 1967 da Samar da Gabas ta Tsakiya ta Zamani Daga Michael B. Oren.
Fassarar Muhammad Cisse ✍️