D- Day shi ne farkon Operation 'Overlord' don kwato Faransa daga hannun yan Nazi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A ranar D-Day talata 6 ga Yuni 1944, sojojin kawance sun kaddamar da harin jiragen ruwa na sama da na kasa a kan Faransa da Nazi ta mamaye. D-Day yana nufin babbar 'rana' (ayita ta kare), kuma an yi amfani da kalmar don kwatanta ranar farko ta babban aikin sojan da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a tarihi.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar talata 6 ga watan Yuni, sojojin kawancen sunyi wani gagarumin shirin da ba a taba gani ba a arewacin Faransa. Sojojin ƙasa da sojojin saman kundunbala sun sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku guda biyar, Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno da Sword. A ƙarshen ranar, rundunonin sojojin sun kafa sansani a bakin teku kuma su fara ci gaba kutsawa zuwa Faransa da Jamus ta mamaye a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.
Rundunonin Sojojin Birtaniya, Kanada, da Amurka da Rasha sun keta iyakar Normandy, kuma su ka keta wayar da Jamusawa suka katange a gaban tekun Atlantic. Wannan wani sauyi ne a Yaƙin Duniya na viyu ko da yake an yi asarar mutane sama da 3,500 a rana guda kawai.
An fara kai farmakin ne da saukar jiragen sama da karfe 3:30 na safe, sannan aka fara kai farmaki ta kasa da karfe 6:30 na safe, mugun yakin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ya dauki awanni 19 a na gwabzawa.
An yi shirin Operation Overlord na tsawon watanni kuma an shirya gudanar da shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni amma an jinkirta shi kwana guda saboda rashin kyawun yanayi.
A cikin watanni da yawa da suka biyo baya, rundunonin sun yi yaƙi a Faransa kuma sun karbe tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu amfani daban-daban kamar Caen, kuma daga baya suka kama Paris. Bayan kasa da shekara guda, kasashen kawancen sun shiga Jamus ta Nazi, wanda hakan yasa tilas ta mata mika wuya.
Tun Asali
Tunda farko dai a cikin 1940 Jamusawa sun mamaye Belgium, Netherlands, da wani yanki mai yawa na Faransa. Rundunonin ƙawance (waɗanda ke goyawa Biritaniya baya a yaƙin) suna buƙatar nemo hanyar da za su kwato ƙasashen da jamus ta mamaye. Tun a shekara ta 1942 shugabannin ƙawance guda uku, Winston Churchill (Birtaniya), Franklin D. Roosevelt (Amurka) da Joseph Stalin (Rasha) suka fara taro don tattauna yadda za a yi haka.
A cikin 1943 sun fito da wani tsari mai rikitarwa mai suna Operation Overlord. Hakan ya hada da saukar dubban sojoji a bakin ruwa guda biyar a Normandy a arewa maso yammacin Faransa. Daga nan suka yi fatan dakarunsu za su iya shiga Faransa su kori Jamusawa.
Jamusawa sun san cewa kawancen su na shirya kai hari, amma sun yi imanin cewa harin zai maida hankali kan Calais, Faransa. Calais ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi kusa daga Faransa zuwa Ingila.
A ranar 5 ga watan Yuni wasu jiragen ruwa dauke jiragen sama 3,000, da wasu jiragen ruwa 2,500, da jiragen sama 500 suka fara barin tashar jiragen ruwa a Ingila, sun nufi Faransa. A wannan daren an saukar da sojojin kundunbala daga sama zuwa yankin. Aikinsu shi ne su kame muhimman garuruwa, hanyoyi, da gadoji a Normandy (a cikin Faransa) domin sojojin da ke bakin rairayin bakin teku su sami hanyarsu zuwa cikin kasar.
Da safiyar ranar 6 ga watan Yuni rundunar jiragen ruwa ta isa gabar tekun Normandy. Jiragen daukar jiragen sama da ke iya daukar sojoji da tankokin yaki, waɗannan jiragen ruwa sun sauka a bakin rairayin bakin teku, su sauke sojojinsu da tankunan yaƙi, sannan su koma cikin manyan jiragen ruwa don jigilar ƙarin sojoji.
Sojojin Birtaniya da na Kanada sun sauka a kan tsibirin Sword da Juno, da bakin teku na gold. Sojojin Amurka sun sauka a bakin tekun Omaha da Utah.
Kafin sojojin na farko su sauka a bakin teku, jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na kawance sun fara yin harbi a kan katangar da Jamus suka gina suka kewaye don tsaron kansu. Sun yi fatan za su hallaka su, amma wasu daga cikin katangun an gina su da karfi sosai, wanda yasa Jamusawa suka sami kariya kuma suka sami damar kai hari ga kawancen.
A kan rairayin bakin teku Birtaniya sojojin sun sami ci gaba mai kyau har suka sami tura wa cikin Faransa. Amurkawa sun fuskanci jurjiya da kariyar tsaro a daya daga cikin bakin tekun kuma sun dauki tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda su ka zata, har zuwa ƙarshen rana, amma duk da haka, duk rairayin bakin tekun guda biyar sun shiga hannun rundunonin Ƙawance.
Ci gaba Bayan D-Day
A kwanakin da suka biyo baya, Jamusawa da yawa sun isa Normandy don yaƙi da mamayar sojojin kawance. Bayan mako guda ana ci gaba da gwabza fada a Normandy, sojojin kawancen sun ci gaba da sauka. A ƙarshe watan Yuni, Amurkawa sun ci karfin Jamus.
A lokacin da sojojin kawance suka fara wani sabon hari, Operation Cobra, a cikin Yuli 1944, sojojin Jamus sun gaji kuma sun fara ja da baya. Sojojin Ingila da Amurka suka bi su. An kewaye wasu Jamusawa 200,000 aka kamasu. A watan Agustan 1944, kawancen sun isa birnin Paris na kasar Faransa, kuma sun 'yantar da ita daga mamayar Jamus.
Yakin D-Day ya zo da zubar da jini, sama da sojojin kawance 200,000 ne aka kashe ko aka jikkata a karshen Operation Overlord. Haka nan Jamusawan sun sami raunuka iri ɗaya. Ban da wannan kuma, an kashe fararen hula da dama a Faransa yayin hare-haren bama-bamai da kuma fadace-fadacen da ake yi a kasa, yayin kuma da ake ci gaba da gwabzawa a cikin teku, sannan kuma dakarun kawancen sun yi tattaki zuwa birnin Paris. Kodayake yakin ya ci gaba har tsawon shekara guda, D-Day shi ne farkon ƙarshen yakin. Ana la'akari da shi daya daga cikin ayyuka mafi nasara a tarihin soja.